State Control Over Agriculture and Labor
In 1950, the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party introduced a new system of compulsory state supplies. Under this system, farmers were forced...
Expansion of the Socialist Sector
During this period, the Communist regime changed the balance between the Socialist sector and the private sector in Bulgaria. The Socialist sector included state-owned...
Bulgaria’s Economy Before World War II
State-sponsored economic measures helped revive some parts of the Bulgarian economy during the 1930s. However, this recovery did not last long. In 1937, a...
Learning to Read and Write
It’s quite amusing to see Turkish men, some of them big and strong, struggling to learn how to read and write. In classrooms, there...
Hilmi Pashas Challenges in Macedonia
Hilmi Pasha has been the Viceroy of Macedonia for three years. He understands better than anyone how difficult it has been to achieve lasting...
Hilmi Pasha A Key Figure in Macedonia
Hilmi Pasha is the Inspector-General of Macedonia and one of the most impressive men in the region. He works to keep the peace between...
Exploring Camli Kosk
Gateway to the Outside World
Camli Kosk, the splendid window of Dolmabahçe Palace to the outer world, is now open to visitors. Serving as an...
Exploring Kaleiçi A Tranquil Retreat
Gift Shopping in Charming Streets
Discover a variety of gifts at the shops and stalls lining the streets of Kaleiçi. You can also explore carpet...
Functional Living in Kaleiçi
The entrance floors of the houses in Kaleici serve as warehouses, provision rooms, and service floors. Similarly, mezzanines have comparable functions. The kitchen, bath,...
The Military Expedition to Nahcivan
On 28 August 1553, the Sultan started from Istanbul for a new military expedition to Iran. This was his twelfth mili-taiyexpedition. He was quite...
